🌌 B2 ENGLISH – CHAPTER 4, LESSON 4
⏳ Theme: Basic Concepts (Space & Time) & Pronouns / Ellipsis (cont.)
🎯 Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
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🧭 Use idiomatic expressions about space and time accurately in conversation and writing.
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🔍 Master advanced patterns of pronouns, substitution, and omission to avoid repetition and sound natural.
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✍️ Produce clear opinion essays, chart comparisons, and instructional emails.
💡 How to Use This Lesson
1️⃣ Start with the Vocabulary (Units 59–60) to learn key idioms and expressions.
2️⃣ Continue with the Grammar (Units 63–65) to practice omission and substitution patterns.
3️⃣ Apply what you’ve learned in the Practice Section (writing + reading tasks).
4️⃣ Try one short speaking activity: use two idioms from this lesson in a 60-second spoken summary.
🧠 VOCABULARY SECTION
(Basic Concepts – Units 59–60)
🌌 Unit 59: Space — “no room to swing a cat”
Learn idioms and phrases that describe space, size, and room.
💡 Tip: Use spatial idioms to make descriptions vivid — e.g., The flat is tiny; there’s no room to swing a cat.
⏰ Unit 60: Time — “once in a blue moon”
Explore idioms for frequency, duration, and timing.
💡 Tip: Practice pairing frequency idioms with present/past tenses: I rarely go out — only once in a blue moon.
📘 ⬇️ Download Vocabulary PDF (Units 59–60)
⚙️ GRAMMAR SECTION
(Pronouns, Substitution & Ellipsis — Units 63–65)
✅ Unit 63: Do so; such
Learn substitution with do so and such to avoid repetition of actions or descriptions.
💡 Tip:
“She promised to help, and she did so.” — Use do so for actions; such for strong descriptions.
➖ Unit 64: More on Leaving Out Words After Auxiliary Verbs
Practice ellipsis after auxiliaries (e.g., I can, you can’t where the verb is omitted).
💡 Tip: Ellipsis makes speech natural — check meaning stays clear when words are left out.
↩️ Unit 65: Leaving Out To-Infinitives
Master omission of repeated to-infinitives in coordinated structures.
💡 Tip: Compare: She wanted to dance and (to) sing → omit the second to for fluency.
📘 ⬇️ Download Grammar PDF (Units 63–65)
💻 ONLINE PRACTICE SECTION
🎯 Practice Focus
Write clearly and persuasively using idioms of space/time and advanced substitution/ellipsis structures.
🗂️ Topics Covered
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📝 B2 Writing: An Opinion Essay
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📊 B2 Writing: Comparing Two Charts
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✉️ B2 Writing: Giving Instructions by Email
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📰 Reading: The Web at 30
📝 B2 Writing: An Opinion Essay
Write a 250–300 word essay expressing your view on a current issue, using at least two idioms from Units 59–60.
💡 Tip: State your opinion clearly in the introduction, support with two reasons, and finish with a short conclusion.
📊 B2 Writing: Comparing Two Charts
Summarize and compare trends shown in two charts (choose key trends, make comparisons, and use linking language).
💡 Tip: Use language for change: increased, declined, stabilised, peaked and avoid unnecessary detail.
✉️ B2 Writing: Giving Instructions by Email
Compose a short, polite instructional email (3–5 bullet points) explaining a simple process or task.
💡 Tip: Use clear sequencing words: first, next, then, finally. Keep sentences short and imperative forms polite.
📰 Reading: The Web at 30
Read a short article reflecting on 30 years of the web — focus on cause/effect language and technological change.
💡 Tip: Underline five verbs describing change (e.g., transformed, revolutionised) and use them in sentences of your own.
💬 Afridemia Learning Quote
✨ “Great language use is small choices made boldly.
Use idioms to colour your speech, and omission to sharpen your style.
Learn with courage — your voice matters.”
— Afridemia English Faculty 💙